{"id":8926,"date":"2023-05-25T14:22:47","date_gmt":"2023-05-25T06:22:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.orczhou.com\/?p=8926"},"modified":"2023-05-26T14:23:58","modified_gmt":"2023-05-26T06:23:58","slug":"mysql-consistent-backup-with-mysqldump","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orczhou.com\/index.php\/2023\/05\/mysql-consistent-backup-with-mysqldump\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528mysqldump\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u6982\u8ff0\uff1amysqldump\u662fMySQL\u5b98\u65b9\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7740\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528mysqldump\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5907\u4efd\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5907\u4efd\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u518d\u6062\u590d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u51fa\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u5947\u602a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8be6\u7ec6\u770b\u770b\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5907\u4efd\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8017\u65f6\u4e00\u5206\u949f\uff0812:00:00-12:01:00\uff09\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u8868U\u8868\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u5176\u4ed6\u4e1a\u52a1\u8868A\u3001B\u7b49\u7684\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u4e8e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u7528\u6237\u8868U\u5199\u5165\u65b0\u6ce8\u518c\u7528\u6237X\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53c8\u5411\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8868E\u5199\u5165X\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6Y\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u5907\u4efd\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u4e1a\u52a1\u8868\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5e76\u5b8c\u6210\u5907\u4efd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8868E\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u5907\u4efd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8868E\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55X\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7528\u6237\u8868U\u4e2d\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u4ef6U\u8868\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8d26\u52a1\u3001\u8ba1\u8d39\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u8fd9\u6837\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5219\u96be\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u5907\u4efd\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.orczhou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-12-1024x191.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8929\" width=\"741\" height=\"138\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.orczhou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-12-1024x191.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.orczhou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-12-300x56.png 300w, https:\/\/www.orczhou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-12-768x143.png 768w, https:\/\/www.orczhou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-12.png 1178w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 741px) 100vw, 741px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u662f\u6307\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5907\u4efd\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5e94\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u8868U\u5f00\u59cb\u5907\u4efd\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. mysqldump\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4fdd\u969c\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>2.1 \u4f7f\u7528 &#8211;lock-tables, -l<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53c2\u6570&#8211;opt\u662f\u6253\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u76f8\u5173\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5e26\u4e0a\u53c2\u6570&#8211;lock-tables\uff0c\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u5907\u4efd\u67d0\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8868\u90fd\u52a0\u4e0a\u9501\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5355\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.2 \u4f7f\u7528&#8211;lock-all-tables, -x<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u9501\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u662f&#8211;lock-all-tables, -x\uff0c\u4e0e&#8211;lock-tables\u5dee\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5728\u5907\u4efd\u4efb\u52a1\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\uff0c\u90fd\u52a0\u4e0a\u9501\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6574\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u800c&#8211;lock-tables\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5355\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5173\u8054\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528-l\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u52a0\u9501\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc7\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.3 \u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5e38\u7528 &#8211;single-transaction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;single-transaction\u53c2\u6570\u5e94\u8be5\u662fmysqldump\u5907\u4efd\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e86\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eInnoDB\u8868\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5907\u4efd\u671f\u95f4\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u9501\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5907\u4efd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u963b\u585e\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u8005\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u4f7f\u7528&#8211;single-transaction\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5916\u60c5\u51b5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3aMySQL\u4e24\u5c42\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86Server\u5c42\u548c\u5f15\u64ce\u5c42\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5951\u5408\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528&#8211;single-transaction\u53c2\u6570\u5907\u4efd\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5c42\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9bDDL\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728mysqldump\u7684\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u4e5f\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728mysqldump\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u4e86ALTER TABLE, CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, RENAME TABLE, TRUNCATE TABLE\u7b49DDL\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6587\u6863\u5199\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.1 &#8211;single-transaction\u5907\u4efd\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709ALTER TABLE\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u4e00\u81f4\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u8868\u6267\u884c\u4e86ALTER TABLE\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u8868\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u5907\u4efd\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528&#8211;single-transaction\u53c2\u6570\u5907\u4efd\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6267\u884c\u4e86ALTER TABLE\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c5e\u4e8eCOPY\uff08\u6216INPLACE\uff09\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5907\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\uff0c\u8be5\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5907\u4efd\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2amysqldump\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0eMySQL\u4e8b\u52a1\u3001DDL\u5b9e\u73b0\u673a\u5236\u3001InnoDB\u4e8b\u52a1\u673a\u5236\u90fd\u6709\u8f83\u6df1\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u7ed5\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728Bug\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6c47\u62a5\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u7684\u3001\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u4fee\u590d\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\uff1aMySQL Bug#28432\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4fee\u590d\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u592a\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u6536\u76ca\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece\u539f\u7406\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u5bf9InnoDB\u8868\u505aDDL\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8be5DDL\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aCOPY\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\uff08ALGORITHM\u4e3aCOPY\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff09\uff0cMySQL\u4f1a\u5148\u5bf9\u8be5\u8868\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u9501\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u65b0\u5efa\u597d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\uff08\u65b0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u539f\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5c06\u539f\u8868\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u65b0\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u539f\u8868\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u65b0\u62f7\u8d1d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1ID\uff0c\u800c\u539f\u8868\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53c8\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2aDDL\u4e4b\u524d\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u518d\u80fd\u591f\u8bfb\u53d6DDL\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u8868\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u8868\u7684\u6570\u636e\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u52a1\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u4ece\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86Repeatable Read\u9694\u79bb\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u603b\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662fMySQL\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.2 ALTER\u8bed\u53e5\u7684ALGORITHM\u5230\u5e95\u662fCOPY\u3001INPLACE\uff0c\u8fd8\u662fINSTANT\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2aALTER TABLE\u8bed\u53e5\u7684DDL\u5230\u5e95\u662fCOPY\u3001INPLACE\uff0c\u8fd8\u662fINSTANT\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dev.mysql.com\/doc\/refman\/8.0\/en\/alter-table.html\">ALTER TABLE Statement@dev.mysql.com<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dev.mysql.com\/doc\/refman\/8.0\/en\/innodb-online-ddl-operations.html\">Online DDL Operations@dev.mysql.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aINSTANT\u662f8.0\u7248\u672c\u624d\u5f15\u5165\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c5.7\u7684\u7248\u672c\u8981\u4e48\u662fCOPY\u3001\u8981\u4e48\u662fINPLACE\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.3 \u5ef6\u4f38\u8bf4\u660e\uff0cALTER\u8bed\u53e5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u9694\u79bb\u6027\u7684\u7834\u574f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u67d0\u4e9bALTER\u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u6027\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e5f\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.orczhou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-13-1024x483.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8930\" width=\"649\" height=\"306\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.orczhou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-13-1024x483.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.orczhou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-13-300x141.png 300w, https:\/\/www.orczhou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-13-768x362.png 768w, https:\/\/www.orczhou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-13.png 1370w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u4e2d\uff0c\u5148\u5907\u4efdt_b\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9t_a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86ALTER\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684DDL\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u5e76\u4e14\u662fALGORITHM\u4e3aCOPY\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u5907\u4efd\u7ebf\u7a0b\u518d\u8bfb\u53d6t_a\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684mysqludmp\u5907\u4efd\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u5907\u4efdt_a\u7684\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\uff08show create table\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4e14\u663e\u793a\u7684\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u5907\u4efd\u8be5\u8868\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.4 &#8211;single-transaction\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6DDL\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9664\u4e86ALTER\u8bed\u53e5\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8fd8\u6709CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, RENAME TABLE, TRUNCATE TABLE\u7b49\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u7834\u574fInnoDB RR\u9694\u79bb\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9bDDL\u76f8\u6bd4ALTER\u8981\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u4e00\u4e9b\uff08\u6ca1\u6709ALGORITHM\u9009\u9879\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728mysqldump\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9bDDL\uff08\u5982\u679c\u662f\u4e0a\u9762\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u8be6\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.5 &#8211;single-transaction\u4e0eFLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>mysqldump\u5728&#8211;single-transaction\u548c&#8211;master-data\uff08&#8211;source-data\uff09\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7FTWRL\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9501\u4f4f\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4f4d\u70b9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aMySQL\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u56e0\uff0cFTWRL\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u963b\u585e\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.percona.com\/percona-xtrabackup\/2.4\/innobackupex\/improved_ftwrl.html\">Xtrabackup: Handling FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.percona.com\/blog\/introducing-backup-locks-percona-server-2\/\">Introducing backup locks in Percona Server<\/a>@Percona 2014\u5e74<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dev.mysql.com\/doc\/refman\/8.0\/en\/flush.html\">FLUSH Statement@dev.mysql.com<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/bugs.mysql.com\/bug.php?id=71017\">MySQL Bugs#71017 \uff1amysqldump creates useless metadata locks<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/cchust\/p\/4603599.html\">FLUSH TABLE WITH READ LOCK\u8be6\u89e3@\u5929\u58eb\u68a6<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5907\u4efd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e3b\u5e93\uff0c\u4e14\u8d1f\u8f7d\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6982\u7387\u963b\u585e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u670d\u52a1\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u5c0f\u7ed3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u867d\u7136\uff0c\u8bf4\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u4e0amysqldump\u548c&#8211;single-transaction\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u7528\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4efd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff09\u7684\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u867d\u7136\u6982\u7387\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u4f9d\u65e7\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u9047\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u5728\u5907\u5e93\/\u526f\u672c\u4e0a\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528Xtrabackup\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5907\u4efd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8865\u5145\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6982\u8ff0\uff1amysqldump\u662fMySQL\u5b98\u65b9\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7740\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528mysqldump\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002 1. \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1f \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5907\u4efd\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5907\u4efd\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u518d\u6062\u590d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u51fa\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u5947\u602a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8be6\u7ec6\u770b\u770b\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5907\u4efd\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8017\u65f6\u4e00\u5206\u949f\uff0812:00:00-12:01:00\uff09\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u8868U\u8868\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u5176\u4ed6\u4e1a\u52a1\u8868A\u3001B\u7b49\u7684\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u4e8e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u7528\u6237\u8868U\u5199\u5165\u65b0\u6ce8\u518c\u7528\u6237X\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53c8\u5411\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8868E\u5199\u5165X\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6Y\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u5907\u4efd\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u4e1a\u52a1\u8868\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5e76\u5b8c\u6210\u5907\u4efd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8868E\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u5907\u4efd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8868E\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55X\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7528\u6237\u8868U\u4e2d\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u4ef6U\u8868\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8d26\u52a1\u3001\u8ba1\u8d39\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u8fd9\u6837\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5219\u96be\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u5907\u4efd\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002 \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u662f\u6307\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5907\u4efd\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5e94\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u8868U\u5f00\u59cb\u5907\u4efd\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u3002 2. mysqldump\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4fdd\u969c\u65b9\u5f0f 2.1 \u4f7f\u7528 &#8211;lock-tables, -l \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53c2\u6570&#8211;opt\u662f\u6253\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u76f8\u5173\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5e26\u4e0a\u53c2\u6570&#8211;lock-tables\uff0c\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u5907\u4efd\u67d0\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8868\u90fd\u52a0\u4e0a\u9501\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5355\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002 2.2 \u4f7f\u7528&#8211;lock-all-tables, -x \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u9501\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u662f&#8211;lock-all-tables, -x\uff0c\u4e0e&#8211;lock-tables\u5dee\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5728\u5907\u4efd\u4efb\u52a1\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\uff0c\u90fd\u52a0\u4e0a\u9501\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6574\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u800c&#8211;lock-tables\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5355\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5173\u8054\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528-l\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u52a0\u9501\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc7\u957f\u3002 2.3 \u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5e38\u7528 &#8211;single-transaction &#8211;single-transaction\u53c2\u6570\u5e94\u8be5\u662fmysqldump\u5907\u4efd\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e86\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eInnoDB\u8868\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5907\u4efd\u671f\u95f4\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u9501\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 \u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5907\u4efd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u963b\u585e\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u8005\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 3. \u4f7f\u7528&#8211;single-transaction\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5916\u60c5\u51b5 \u56e0\u4e3aMySQL\u4e24\u5c42\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86Server\u5c42\u548c\u5f15\u64ce\u5c42\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5951\u5408\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528&#8211;single-transaction\u53c2\u6570\u5907\u4efd\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5c42\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9bDDL\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002 \u5728mysqldump\u7684\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u4e5f\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728mysqldump\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u4e86ALTER TABLE, CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, RENAME TABLE, TRUNCATE TABLE\u7b49DDL\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6587\u6863\u5199\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002 3.1 &#8211;single-transaction\u5907\u4efd\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709ALTER TABLE\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u4e00\u81f4\uff1f \u5728\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u8868\u6267\u884c\u4e86ALTER TABLE\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u8868\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u5907\u4efd\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1f \u7b80\u5355\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528&#8211;single-transaction\u53c2\u6570\u5907\u4efd\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6267\u884c\u4e86ALTER TABLE\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c5e\u4e8eCOPY\uff08\u6216INPLACE\uff09\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5907\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\uff0c\u8be5\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5907\u4efd\u51fa\u6765\u3002 \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2amysqldump\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0eMySQL\u4e8b\u52a1\u3001DDL\u5b9e\u73b0\u673a\u5236\u3001InnoDB\u4e8b\u52a1\u673a\u5236\u90fd\u6709\u8f83\u6df1\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u7ed5\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728Bug\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6c47\u62a5\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u7684\u3001\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u4fee\u590d\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\uff1aMySQL Bug#28432\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4fee\u590d\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u592a\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u6536\u76ca\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002 \u4ece\u539f\u7406\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u5bf9InnoDB\u8868\u505aDDL\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8be5DDL\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aCOPY\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\uff08ALGORITHM\u4e3aCOPY\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff09\uff0cMySQL\u4f1a\u5148\u5bf9\u8be5\u8868\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u9501\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u65b0\u5efa\u597d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\uff08\u65b0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u539f\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5c06\u539f\u8868\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u65b0\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u539f\u8868\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u65b0\u62f7\u8d1d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1ID\uff0c\u800c\u539f\u8868\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53c8\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2aDDL\u4e4b\u524d\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u518d\u80fd\u591f\u8bfb\u53d6DDL\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u8868\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u8868\u7684\u6570\u636e\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u52a1\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u4ece\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86Repeatable 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\u5ef6\u4f38\u8bf4\u660e\uff0cALTER\u8bed\u53e5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u9694\u79bb\u6027\u7684\u7834\u574f \u67d0\u4e9bALTER\u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u6027\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e5f\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1a 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